Explosive-engine.



N0 .a4z,392. PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907.

. J. EGNHARD.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 29. 1905.

1" IIIIIII] lilla y ff @e- SJ @m JOHN EOKHARD, OF "BUFFALO, NEW

JOSEPH P, Fan-L, OF 'BUFFALO, NEW YORK.'

No. Mascia;A

. Be it'known lthatI, JOHN EOKHARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo,

in thecounty of-Erie and StateofaNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements the following isa specification. y My invention relatesto improvements ,in explosive-engines; and its objects are to prono' base explosion is entirely avoided, to provide a multiple-cylinder engine in which explo-` sion inaytake place-in any number of cylinders less thanthe whole number provided, i

.I to. provide valve-controlledv -si'de and head s, inlctports and means toclose the'` valve `of t eSlde inlet-port' and open the valve of the headinlet Ort;l to provide means Jfor auto'- `niatically clbsing the side portsl when the engine is running at a slowspeed without load, and'toprovide means whereby the side port- .valve-is Opened -farther when greater power isl used or when the 'speed isincreased to a certain limit under load.

i Further objects are to provide an engine in which either or both inlet-valves may be actuated manually or automatically'and to rovide an engine of the two-cycle type which shall be especially adapted for marine' and automobile' use. My invention consists the construction, agrarigement, andf combination'iof partsto mbe hereinafter described, and particularly .'pointed out inthe subjoined' claims.

l In the. drawings, Figure` 1 is a central vertical section taken through the right-hand i lcylinder of Ialdup'lex engine embodying my .invention in representative form, y `'port-valve being opento ermit the explosive charge to enter the' cy inder and the end port-valvebeing closed.A Fig. 2 is a similar view'showing' the side port-valve closed and the end Aport-valve opened by the suction of thebapi's'ton.' Fig. 3 is a front elevation ofthe engine. Fig, .4 is a vview similar` to Fig. ,1, show the iighthand cylinder arranged for action,""without,1explosion,l under which arra ement the side port-valve is held 'close' ,theend-port-valve held Opern and the ignter-disconnectedelectrically. Fig., is a horizontal section taken Online zum, Fig. `L?.

Fig. 6 is an'enlarged sectional top pl'an view `0f .the switch forl electrically disconnecting-l the igniters of one 4of thecylinders. .Fig vf1' y 4Specification ofLetters Patent. Applicant tied .im 29,1905. Serin No. 267.635.`

in Explosive-Engines, of which duce an engine of the two-cycle type in which the side lthe burned Orf exploded gases.. ,mentioned parts are common, fto the operation of a two-cycle engine, and vtheinconstruction and arrangement may be Patented Jan. 29, 1907. l

is an enlarged vertical section taken on line :c F1g. 3. Fig. 8 1s an enlarged horizontal section taken on line y y,-Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is a YORK, AssiGNOR OF ONE-HALF To' similar view showing the switch and valve lever disconnected from the locking-teeth on the lock-yoke.l Fig. 10 is a section taken on line z z, Figa. 8.

rllwO-cycle engines have heretofore been in 'use in which a side inlet-port has been provided and also in which an endl inlet-port h'as been used. Under the former construction improper mixture is drawn into the cyl# inder and high speed produced, resulting in the explosion being carried through the inlet-passage tothe crank Or compression chamber and producing' what is 'generally ltermed" base explosion, which acts against the piston to stop or retard the engine, consequently producing irregular action or entire stoppage. Under the construction in which the engine is provided with an end inlet the engine cannot develop the necessar speed nor sufficient power. I therefore uti ize both ports in conjunction with valves, so that when the engine isrunnin at too high a speed under load which woul "lead to improper explosion the side port-valve will close and the charge be led througlithe end port-valve, whereby the speed of the engine is reduced and theexplosionof the explosive mixture properly controlled, so as lto ignite it within the explosion-chamber, and base explosion is 'therefore rendered impossible. lReferring now to the drawings in detail, like numerals of reference refer to like parts in the severaligures.

The reference-numeral 1 designates the cylinders provided with the usual explosion chambers 2 and having formed vintegrally therewith or connected thereto, as may be desired, the crank or compression chambers 3, commonly termed the base of the engine. Each cylinder is provided with the usual working piston 4, connected by a piston-rod with crank-shaft 5, journaled in the end Walls of the crank or compression chambers. Suitable igniters .6 are'provided for the cylinders, which maybe Aof the make and break or type,- but preferably the latter, and exhaust-ports 7 `serve to `discharge The-abovebut 'essentialf varied, as they inthemselves form' no part of my invention.

In carrying out my invention' I provide each ofthe cylinders with an end inlet-port vS and a side inlet-port 9, located between the compressiomchamber and the endinletort.

A passage 10 connects the head end o the cylinder with the coinpressionechamber, and entering the samein'line with the side inletport is the gas-induction pipe 11. The induction-pipes are each provided with a checkvalve 12 and unite atv 13- for" connection with a suitable carburetor. (Not shown.) The induction-pipes are provided with elbows 14 atthe points of connection to the cylinders, and extending through the same for guidance are the valve-stems 15 of' valves 16, that are adapted to open and close the. side inlet-I ports. Surrounding the valve-stems and bearing with their ends against the valves and thewalls of the elbows are springs 17, which tend to hold said valves against' their seats. i

Closing the end inlet-port is a valve 1S,

having its stem 19 extending out throughthe wall of the cylinder. Surrounding'said stem without the cylinder is a spiral spring 20, bearing with its dupper end against the cylinder and with its lower end against a semispherical collar 21 at the lower' end oi'l said stem, the curved surface of which faces downward for a purpose to be presently described.

Secured to or connected with the engineshaft, if desired, is a governor 22 of any suitable construction. rlhat herein shown is lorovided with weighted bellecrank levers 2-3, having their weighted ends connected by a spring 24 and their opposite ends connected toa cone 25, slidably mounted onv theshaft.v

be removable, so that when the engine is to' be governed by the hand-lever the governor'v is free to act without affecting other working 55 parts.

A lock-yoke 34 is secured tothe heads of the cylinder by means of bolts 3.5, it being provided with a slot 36, having oneof its side walls provided with a series of notches 37, preferably V.shaped. The hand -lever passes through said slot and is provided wlth a corresponding V'-shaped portion 38, .adapted for engagement with the notches on the yoke-pieve, so that the lever may be held 1n any desired position. In order that this be i be governed automatically.

a lever 40, pivoted on the lock-yoke and.

accomplished, the said lever is equipped with a spring 39, which ,bears against the opposite wall of the slot to force the lever into engage` ment with the notches 37. l governor having connection with the'handl lever provision must be made to permit the By reason of the lree action of said lever when the engine is to y This -is done by adapted to be swung over the notches 37 on the latter, so that the hand-lever' is forced out ofengagcment with said notches and may bear against the edge oi said pivoted lever, as shown in Fig. 9. with two pcrforations 41, in either of which The lock-yoke is provided a pin 42, carried on the lever 40, is to be lpressed by a spring 43, bifurcated to straddle `the head of thepin and cause said pin to be held in the perforation. In this manner the lever 40 may be swung to the position shown in Fig. 8 when the engineis to be governed by hand.` 4

Connecting the valve-stems of the side port-valves is a cross-bar 44, having a strip of insulation material 45 secured thereto, to which is affixed one of the spring-tongueso a switch 46, the other coacting spring-tongue of said switch being secured to a strip of insulating material47, secured to lateralarims 48 on the hand-lever, The cross-bar 44 alsohas connected to the insulating material thereon one of the spring-tongues of a switch 49, which has its otherspring-tonffue secured 'to the insulating-strip 47 on the hand-lever.

T he tongues of the switch 46 are longer than thoseof the switch 49, and therefore can be brought into, contact to establish an electric circuit, while the tongues of the switch 49 are held out of contact, as shown in Fig. 6.

The switches are covered by a suitable hood, 50, secured tol the cross-bar 44 and iormed with a slot 51, through which the hand-lever extends. Said hand-lever'is free to move in the slot 51 after the side porty valves are closed; but in swinging said lever liutward it comes in contact with the inner end of said slot and causes the cross-bar 44 t9 oe movedfoutward, which' action unseats the side port-'valves against the action of the springs surrounding the stems thereof. One of the switches is placed in the circuit of the igniter in one cylinder, while the other switch'is placed in the circuit of the igniter in the other cylinder, and it is therefore apparent that bothcircuits may be broken or an electric circuit established for both igniters or for only one, as' may be desired.

Extending'laterally from the hand-lever is` an arm 52, having a4 downwardly and inwardly direc-ted face adapted' when the hand'- iever is swung to its extreme inner position to engage the seinispherical head of the/end inlWhen the lever is in this position, the switch 49 in the circuit of the corresponding,igniter is se varated, and consequently no 'explosion in the corresponding cylinder can take place.

As shown in Fig. el, when this condition eX- ists the side port-valve is closed, and there? fore the charge of' the explosive -inixture taken `into the cylinder is forced back and 'forth through the passage 10 and int-o the eX- plosion-chamber and compression-chamber, thereby permitting one of the 'cylinders and the piston therein to be used idly'without de veloping power. A This is of great advantage.

of gases in the idle cylinder of engines otherwise constructed being 'obviated entirely,

such compression being merely a brake or resistance to the power developed m the othercylinder. The circuit-airing is applied in the usual manner with the switches simply.

iiterposedvin the wires leading to the i gniters, and therefore it was thought unnecessary to enter into detail with reference thereto orto sho-W the saine herein.

Whenboth cylinders are to beiputlinto use and the engine governed by hand, the handlever is inovedout to the position' shown in Fig. 1.n In this condition both switches are connected so that the igniters vof' both cylin-` dersV ignite .the `explosive mixtureat the ,proper time, which time is of course governed y the periodic circuit-closer always used on multi le-cylinder engines; When it is ,found that t e engine'is running at too high a speed under"loa d, the hand-lever is moved to an inv termediate posit-ion, as shown in 2 in which case `the side port-valves are closed and the ex lesive mixture must ass through the end i et-ports, the valves t ereof opening against theiifspringpressure on the .doWii-' ward stroke ol the pistons and closing during thc compression-stroke. When the side inlet-valves are open, thecharge of the eX" plosive mixture is of course 'drawn into the lcylinder throughthe side inlets and' the'I end inlet-valves remain closed My invention is susceptible Vto. many changes in form, construction, Aand in the l arrangements of the parts as shown herein Without departing from the principle involvedor sacrificing any of the advantages' tween-its ends, a valve for said port, and a valvenornially closing the passage at' the upper end of the'cylinder, a working piston a hand-lever connected to the first-mentioned valve to openor close the.

thereof. A i r Having thus descri'oed my invent1 on, what Iclaiinis-f 1 explosive-engine comprising a cylinder havinga compression-chamber and -an explosion-chamber, a passage .leading from-E the. explosion-chamber to the `coiiipression` chan'iber, an exhaust-port, an:inlet-port-.at f the connection of the upper end of said pas- Y sage with the explosion-chamber, an inlet- 'z 'port in the cyli der betweenthe ends of said.7 o

vassage, -a spring-'controlled v alve for the" irst-mentionedv inletport, a suitablys governedvalve vfor the other inlet-port, and a pis ton Working in said cylinder.

` 2.' In an'explosive-engine, the combinationwith the cylinder having a compression-chaire ber at one end and an explosion-chamber at 'the other end, a passage connecting both-- chambers, an inletort between the endsv of thecylindei", an in et-port at .the explosion end of the cylinder, and a working piston` in the cylinder, of a" s rin' -controlled valve for the last-,mentione in et-port, a valve for the inst-mentioned inlet-port, and combined- 'inanuallyope'r-ative and 'autoniatically-op-V erative mechanism for controlling the last1- i'rne'ntioned valve. 8. .'In anex losive-engine', the combination with-the cylinc er having closed ends and a pas-- sage connecting said ends, two inlet-ports arranged at different points and connect-ing said passage with the bore of the cylinder', a workin piston in the cylinder, a springfcontrolled va ve for one of said ports, anda valve for the other port, of a hand-leveroperativelyv connected with the lastfrnentioned valve..

and a governor operatively connected with said hand-lever.

'4; An explosive-'engine comprising-al cylin- I C O derxhaving closed ends and -a passage' connecting said' lends, an inlet-port connecting the passage with the bore ofthe cylinder be# tween its ends, a valve for said port, 'and a valve normally closing the-passage at the vupper end of the c linde'iraworkingpiston in the cylinder, an .a hand-lever' connected' to the first-mentioned'waive to open v or 'close the same.

' 5. An explosive-engine comprising a cylinder having closed ends and a passage connecting said ends, an vinlet-portconnecting'' the passage lwith the bore of tlief'i'i indei between its ends, a valve for said lprtv valve normally closing the passagef4 at'tlie upper end of the cylinder, a working piston in the cylinder, a hand-lever connectedvto the rst-mentioned valve to o ven or close .tlie

same, andl a notched lock-piece secured to `Athe cylinder to be engaged by said lever to hold the saine in any esired position.

6. An explosive-engine comprising a cylinderv having closed ends anda passage con-. necting said ends, an inlet-port vconnecting thepassage with the bore of the 'cylinder be in the cylinder,

same, a governor liaving detachable -connecrio iig, g

tion with -saidlever,v and means for holding' the hand-lever inany desired position when disconnected from the governor.

7. An explosive-engine comprising a cylinde'r having-closed ends and a passage connecting said ends, an 1nlet-port connecting the passage with the bore of the cyhnderbetween its ends, a valve for said port, and a valve normally closing .the passage at theA upperend 'of the cylinder, a working piston in the cylinder7 and a hand-lever connected to the first-mentioned valve to open and close the same and adapted when moved to a certain position to open thelast-mentionedl valve.-

8. .f-tn explosive-engme comprising a cylinder having' closed ends and a passage connecting said ends, an inlet-port connect-ing the passage with the bore of the cylinder between-its' ends, a valve for said port, and a valve normally closing the passage at the upper end of the cylinder, a working piston in the cyiinder, a hand-lever connected to the 1first-nientioned valve to open or close the saine, a governor having detachable connection with said lever, a notched lock-piece ier coaction with said lever. and means for dis* engaging said lever from the notches of said .lock-piece when connected with the gover-` nor.

Q. An explosive-engine comprisinga cylinder having 'closed ends and a passage connecting said ends', an inlet-port connecting the passage ith the bore of the cylinder between its end a valve for said port, and a valve norniaily closing the passage at the up K per end ol the eylincer, afwerking piston in the cylinder, a hand-lever connected to the irst-inentioned valve to open and -iiose the same, a governor detachably connected with said lever, a slotted lock-piece on the oylin der havingr one wail of its slot provided with a series oi notches, aspring serving to force the' saidv lever in engagement with said notches, and a lever pivotefi on the lockpiece' and adapted to be swung over the notches thereof to cause the hand-lever to,

engage the edgeoi saidpivotedlever.

l0. an explosive-eng1ne vthe combination with v two cylinders having their ends closed and a passage connecting the closed ends of each cylinder, 'a spring-controlled valve at the upper end ofeach of said passages, a spring-pressed valve between each passage -and the bore of the corresponding cylinderl between its ends, a suitable igniter in each cylinder, `and w orking pistons 'for the cylin-A ders, oi a cross-bar connectingr l' said springpressed valve-s, ailever adaptedl to actuate vsaidvalves during a portion of its movement. circuit-wires 'for the igniters, and s vitches in the circuits, one part of' each switch being carried on said' crosssbar and lthe. other part on said lever, said switches 'being arranged tnat in a certain position of said lever one switch only is closed,.while in a second position of said lever both switches are closed,and in athird position of said lever botl.. switches are open.

1l. in an explosive-engine, the combination of two cylinders having` their ends closed and a passage connecting the closed ends oi each cylinder, a spring-controlled valve at lthe upper end of each ot said passages, a

JOHN CKHARD.

Witnesses EMIL NEUHART,

MAY F. SEWERT. 

